CASE STUDY / W01

Hi-fi tower loudspeaker — prototype 2

PROTOTYPE MEASURED IN ACTIVE USE

ScanSpeak Illuminator + Revelator, 35-litre ported floorstander. A clean, low-distortion two-way built around a pair of ScanSpeak's reference drivers, with a fourth-order Linkwitz-Riley crossover specified so the network itself isn't the limit.

The brief was straightforward: pick two drivers known for low distortion and good off-axis behaviour, put them in a properly-tuned cabinet, and design a passive crossover with parts good enough that the crossover stops being a variable in how the speaker measures and sounds.

Finished floor-standing prototype in the listening room, beside the streamer cabinet
Type2-way · Ported floorstander
Volume35 L net
CrossoverLR4 / LR2 passive
StatusActive listening · revision planned
VOLUME 35 L Net internal · ~900 × 221 × 268 mm
SENSITIVITY · GATED 90 dB ±1.5 dB · 350 Hz – 20 kHz
CROSSOVER LR4 / LR2 Air-core · ClarityCap CMR
TWEETER RESISTOR 5.6 Ω Wirewound · heatsinked
/01Drivers

Tweeter — ScanSpeak Illuminator D3004/6620-00. 26 mm coated fabric dome with the ring-magnet motor. Low distortion, smooth top end, notably uncoloured.

Woofer — ScanSpeak Revelator 18W/4531G00. 6.5-inch sliced paper cone with the symmetric drive motor. The 4-ohm version.

TweeterD3004/6620-00
Woofer18W/4531G00 · 4 Ω
Pairing rationaleLow THD · off-axis
/02Cabinet
Form factor
Floorstanding tower
External dimensions
~900 × 221 × 268 mm (H × W × D)
Wall material
19 mm
Net internal volume
35 litres
Front-firing slot port
183 × 19 mm aperture, 180 mm length
Bracing
Cross-braced; port-chamber section to be tightened
Bare prototype cabinet on the workbench, driver cutouts visible
Bare cabinet · pre-driver 19 MM · 35 L
Internal view showing chambers, wiring loom, and the front-firing slot port
Internal · port + wiring SLOT PORT · 183 × 19 MM
ASIDE — BRACING A 35-litre 19 mm cabinet of these proportions benefits noticeably from solid cross-bracing. This build is cross-braced, but the lower section around the slot port is lighter than it should be — tightening it is the headline item on the revision list.
Material19 mm
TuningSlot port, front
Volume35 L net
/03Crossover
Topology
LR4 high-pass on tweeter; LR2 low-pass on woofer
HP capacitors
ClarityCap CMR 10 µF + 8.2 µF (400 Vdc, ±3 %)
LP capacitor
ClarityCap CMR 16 µF (400 Vdc, ±3 %)
Inductors
Air-core throughout
Tweeter series R
5.6 Ω wirewound, heatsinked
HP damping R
150 mΩ
Heatsinked tweeter series resistor on the prototype crossover board
Tweeter series R · heatsinked 5.6 Ω · WIREWOUND
Assembled crossover board — ClarityCap CMR caps, air-core inductors, heatsinked resistors
Air-core · ClarityCap CMR LR4 / LR2 · PASSIVE

The intent of the parts choice is that the crossover stops being a variable in how the speaker measures and sounds. ClarityCap CMR are audibly transparent capacitors; air-core inductors avoid the small non-linearities ferrite-core parts introduce at higher levels; wirewound resistors don't compress dynamics the way smaller film resistors can on the tweeter leg.

CapsClarityCap CMR
InductorsAir-core
Tweeter R5.6 Ω wirewound
/04Measurements

Gated on-axis sweep at 1 m, mid–tweeter axis, captured with REW. The chart below is the 1/3-octave gated export on a 10 dB grid — i.e. the room window is closed, so reflections aren't confusing the trace.

Mid & HF — solid line. The midrange and treble sit at roughly 89–91 dB SPL with overall smoothness inside ±1.5 dB across the entire 350 Hz – 20 kHz window. The small dips around 3 kHz and 6 kHz are within ~1 dB of the running mean — baffle-edge diffraction rather than driver issues (revision /R02). The gentle rise from ~14 kHz to 20 kHz is real: characteristic of this tweeter on this baffle, and the source of the speaker's high perceived resolution as well as the slight HF fatigue noted in /R03.

Bass — dotted line. Below ~450 Hz the 1 m gate closes too tightly to be meaningful at this distance, so the bottom is shown as a dotted extrapolation. The curve plateaus at ~90 dB through 100 Hz and rolls off sharply below ~60 Hz, terminating at ~52 dB at 30 Hz — consistent with the slot-port tuning and the 35 L net volume.

Absolute SPL is a calibration assumption rather than a measured certainty — the REW capture wasn't calibrated for absolute level. What matters for the design is the shape: flat ±1.5 dB across the target window, with the small ripples and HF lift discussed below.

ASIDE — DESIGN TRADE-OFF The on-axis 2 kHz region is flat, but moving ~30° vertically off-axis a dip forms at the crossover transition. That's a deliberate consequence of keeping the crossover above the tweeter's manufacturer-recommended low frequency — the alternative was pushing the tweeter harder than it should be, which would cost low-level resolution to gain a flatter vertical polar.
Gated on-axis · 1 m · mid–tweeter
REW · 1/3-octave gated · R channel · Apr 5
Gated · measured Extrapolated bass
100 90 80 70 60 50 SPL · dB 20 40 60 80 100 200 400 800 1k 2k 4k 8k 10k 20 kHz · Hz ±1.5 dB window · 350 Hz – 20 kHz 1 kHz · 90 dB 3 kHz · 88.5 dB · diffraction 30 Hz · 52 dB · extrapolated
MethodGated · 1/3-oct
Mid + HF89–91 dB · ±1.5
Bass (estimate)Rolls to ~52 dB at 30 Hz
SourceREW · R · Apr 5
/05What I'd do differently
  • /R01 More bracing around the port chamber. The cabinet is cross-braced, but the lower section near the slot port could be tighter — most likely place for any residual cabinet contribution to show up on the next pass.
  • /R02 Offset the tweeter to reduce baffle-edge diffraction visible as the ~2–4 kHz ripples. A small horizontal offset on the next baffle revision is the clean fix.
  • /R03 Gentle HF tilt-down — the 10–20 kHz lift gives the speaker its high resolution, but it can read a touch fatiguing on long listens. A small L-pad adjustment on the tweeter leg would soften it without losing the top.
  • /R04 Add an impedance sweep to the case study so the crossover load is fully characterised.
Revisions4
PriorityPort chamber · offset tweeter
/06Status

Completed prototype. In active listening use.

High resolution, with a top-end lift that pays for it in the 10–20 kHz region. Quite happy with what came out — and the improvements on the revision list are the kind of things you only know to do after building the first one.

Three threads continue from this build:

REV · MK2.1

Port-chamber bracing + offset tweeter

Tighten the lower chamber near the slot port, offset the tweeter on the next baffle to reduce the 2–4 kHz diffraction ripples, add an impedance sweep to the report.

PROTOTYPE · MK3

Three-way with dome midrange

Same footprint, dedicated dome midrange to relieve the 6.5" above 500 Hz. Targeting wider sweet spot in treated rooms.

CONSULTING

Small-room treatment package

Measurement-based treatment plans for home listening rooms. Same REW + UMIK workflow as this build's voicing.

StatusActive
NextRe-measurement